成瘾治疗与研究》杂志上

毒品和酗酒青少年的模式

03/19/2021

& lt; h2> Abstract< / h2>

The study attempted to answer several questions: Does the cultural and social background of immigrant youth from the Former Soviet Union (FSU) affect their use of addictive substances? Do these youth show distinctive patterns of drug and alcohol abuse? Do the addictive substances used by these teenagers share similar characteristics? Are the patterns of drug abuse and alcohol abuse different? Do students in different educational frameworks demonstrate different consumption patterns? Can “critical moments” explain the presence or absence of alcohol and drug abuse?

中国药物治疗和康复:理论基本原理和现状

02/18/2021

Global drug use has reached epidemic levels, with approximately 269 million drug users worldwide [1]. Problematic drug use may lead to serious physical, social, and mental health problems.

可替宁的水平估计在烟草使用者和使用者:印度人口横断面研究

02/15/2021

& lt; h2> Abstract< / h2>吸烟者& lt; p>背景:流行病学研究表明剂量反应关系每天抽烟的数量和发展中某些吸烟相关疾病的风险。生物碱的尼古丁是烟草的主要药物活性物质。;/ p>& lt; p>目的:估计可替宁水平排泄尿液中吸烟和无烟烟草使用者和非吸烟者在印度人口。;/ p>& lt; p>材料和方法:研究样本包括250名受试者显然是健康的,无症状,不使用任何药物。研究样本分为抽烟草使用者(bidi和香烟),无烟烟草使用者,烟熏和无烟烟草使用者和控制(烟草过去或现在的吸毒者)。;/ p>& lt; p>结果:尿液中可替宁水平均值显著(p, mdash;价值,lt;0.05)中抽烟草使用者相比,无烟烟草用户和非用户的烟草。然而,尿液中可替宁水平均值显著(p -值,lt; 0.05) more among smokeless tobacco users in comparison to non-users of tobacco.

Conclusion: The mean cotinine levels among smokers and both smokeless and smoked tobacco users were found to be higher than only smokeless tobacco users and non-users of tobacco.

明尼苏达的厌食症患者和参与者之间的差别饥饿实验:治疗后果

01/29/2021

The hunger experiment was carried out in 1944 by Anselm Keys and others in the American city of Minnesota. The aim was to investigate the consequences of starvation in order to be able to restore the health of hunger victims of the Second World War. How could they be treated in the best possible way to regain a healthy weight?

俄罗斯的酒精消费水平的估计:一个文献综述

12/30/2020

& lt; h2> Abstract< / h2>

Background: the level of alcohol consumption per capita is an important indicator of the alcohol-related problems. However, it is difficult to estimate the real level of alcohol consumption, since part of the consumption comes from illegal sources.

Aim: an overview of studies estimating the overall level of alcohol consumption in Russia.

Methods: in this review, 9 articles were analyzed estimating the overall level of alcohol consumption in Russia.

Results: in the period from 1956 to 2015 the overall level of alcohol consumption was subject to significant fluctuations: it grew almost linearly in the period from 1965 to 1979; decreased markedly in 1981; declined sharply between 1984 and 1987; rose sharply between 1991 and 1994; decreased significantly between 1995 and 1998; then increased significantly in the period from 1999 to 2003, after which it began to decline. The lowest estimate of the level of alcohol consumption for the entire period under consideration was obtained using the method proposed by Razvodovsky (7.25 litres - 1987), and the highest - using the method proposed by Norstrom (19.64 litres - 1994).

Conclusion: despite a significant decrease in the level of alcohol consumption in Russia over the past decade, this level remains high.

性成瘾、自尊和人格维度

02/20/2020

& lt; h2> Abstract< / h2>

Sexual addiction is a growing reality. The acknowledgment of this disorder requires to identify vulnerability factors. Besides, it would improve the management and treatment of these people. We used a cross-sectional study with a sample of voluntary subjects recruited online anonymously. A prepared questionnaire explored the general and clinical data of the sample. The psychometric scales used were: Carnes Sexual Addiction Screening Test, the French Big Five Inventory for personality dimensions and the Rosenberg Scale for self-esteem. Five hundred and ten individuals were included. 38 people (8%) had sexual addiction. 68 people (13%) had attenuated symptoms of sexual addiction. The average age of the group with sexual addiction was 30.8 years with a male predominance. The majority had a higher academic level, was single (39.5%) and are working (73.7%). Our study revealed that self-esteem was below average in 73.7% of people with sexual addiction. Concerning personality dimensions, individuals with sexual addiction had higher scores in Neuroticism. The analytic study showed that four variables were statistically correlated with sexual addiction: male sex; low self-esteem; a large N dimension and a low C and E dimension. The concept of sexual addiction, still poorly defined, is beginning to be recognized. The need for more research is required to identify the factors of vulnerability with the aim of developing the preventive axis and improving the quality of life.

评估physiciansa€™知识、态度和实践有关戒烟管理在加沙地带

02/11/2020

& lt; h2> Abstract< / h2>& lt; p> & lt; strong>背景:& lt; / strong>Despite its negative effects, approximately 23% of Palestinians (≥ 18 years) smoke cigarettes. Studies have shown physicians to be an important channel for smoking cessation intervention. This investigation examines physicians’ smoking-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in the Gaza strip (Palestinian Territories).

Methods and findings: A convenience sample of 154 physicians in medical and surgical units took part in this investigation (87.7% response rate). The data show that 37.8% of physicians in Gaza smoke, and most of them about 72% smoke in the hospital’s public spaces, thereby implicitly giving public approval for smoking. While 82.4% reported that they advise patients who smoke to stop, the majority (59%) also believe that their own smoking habits negatively influence the impact of that advice.

Unfortunately, our survey showed that physicians’ knowledge levels towards smoking addiction and management were lower than expected (e.g. only 34% knew that nicotine dependence is a psychiatric disorder that necessitates treatment). The physicians in this study believed that the primary barriers to failure of their patients’ smoking cessation were the perceived lack of will (81.3%), and the strength of patients’ addiction (67.9%). Moreover, (61%) of physicians did not spend enough time to convince their patients to quit smoking.

Conclusion: Smoking is common among Gaza-strip physicians, and unfortunately, most of them smoke in the hospital’s public spaces. Many obstacles face the smoking cessation program that some physicians linked it to patients, and others linked it to the health-care system. Furthermore, smokers in Gaza receive poor care regarding assessment, referral, and management of their smoking habit.

法医treatment-monitoring研究成人与多动症attentiondefi cit障碍和物质使用障碍

06/27/2019

& lt; h2> Abstract< / h2>& lt; p> & lt; strong>背景:& lt; / strong>病人在这个研究经历了童年的冲突在家庭中,身体虐待、学校设置的变化频繁,逃学,未指明的学习障碍。17岁离开学校后,她长期抑郁,愤怒的攻击,缺乏动力,拒绝的心理援助,找工作的问题。30岁,这最终导致一个加重攻击罪的女性在城市公共空间,之后她被称为刑事法庭。她获得了缓刑,住院精神病评估与后续门诊精神病治疗。你们;/ p>& lt; p> & lt; strong>目的:& lt; / strong>呈现的结果纵向监测哌醋甲酯对认知和自我调节的影响在治疗注意缺陷与多动和物质使用障碍。你们;/ p>& lt; p> & lt; strong>方法:& lt; / strong>在一年多的治疗,精神科访谈和norm-referenced评估开销处理速度和认知监控认知的变化和物质使用灵活;/ p>

Results: At baseline, processing-speed measures of reactive and active attention were within the average-normal range, whereas cognitive overhead/shift cost was in the atypically high range, suggestive of ADHD symptomatology. The patient engaged in daily excessive use of cannabis, amphetamines, and other illegal substances. At the end of treatment, cognitive speed was increased and cognitive overhead normalized. With reductions in ADHD symptomatology, the patient used small amounts of cannabis during weekends and showed improved self-regulation, and legal restrictions were discontinued.

身体活动恢复的影响因素在Asumbi酗酒者——Homabay rehabiliation中心,肯尼亚

10/24/2018

& lt; h2> Abstract< / h2>& lt; p> & lt; strong>背景:& lt; / strong>Alcoholism is a widespread problem in Kenya and is associated with severe impacts on health and quality of life of the individual. Physical activity is an affordable and sustainable adjunct treatment option for recuperating alcoholics; however its’ rarely used in rehabilitation of alcoholics in Kenya.

Objective: This qualitative study sought to elicit facilitators and barriers that influence the practice of physical activity amongst recuperating alcoholics under rehabilitation.

Methods: A focus group guide was utilized to gather views and perceptions of 15 alcoholics and 5 health professionals through focus group discussions. Constant comparative approach was used to analyze verbatim transcripts obtained from in-depth interviews. This analysis entailed three stages including open, axial and selective coding.

Results: Recuperating alcoholics’ recognized various forms of physical activity to promote mental and physical health during their rehabilitation. Health professionals and significant others considerably supported the recuperating alcoholics to practice physical activity however physical activity facilities and facilitation was lacking in Asumbi rehabilitation center.

Conclusions: The rehabilitation centres should have physical activity experts and facilities that can offer individualized physical activity services and support needed by the recuperating alcoholics.

网络欺凌:叙事审查

08/21/2018

& lt; h2> Abstract< / h2>& lt; p>进行文献检索使用PubMed和PsycINFO定位网络欺凌研究发表在过去4年。在这种叙事评论,网络欺凌研究简要总结和评论。评审重点是不同网霸的定义和特点,受害者和旁观者。高度可变的患病率已经报道了霸、受害者和旁观者的年龄,性别,国家,社会网络和社会经济因素的大小。此外,网络欺凌的影响进行了综述,包括频繁的自杀企图和危险因素/预测网络欺凌包括以前的网络欺凌,过度使用互联网和缺乏同情心、愤怒、自恋和独裁/宽松的家教。反映最近的文学,特别关注了研究欺凌的受害者。网霸的研究和预防/欺负干预计划是极其有限,尽管越来越流行的欺凌和迅速积累文学。方法论的限制包括主要集中在流行的欺凌和欺凌的受害者。纵向,需要多元的研究来识别资料欺凌的风险因素,可以告知预防项目。你们;/ p>

父母在青少年药物滥用预防中的作用

08/02/2018

& lt; h2> Abstract< / h2>

Background: There is a huge gap in the U.S. health care system when it comes to the prevention of substance abuse and addiction, specifically involving adolescents. It has been determined through literature review that parents in Utah are not informed about/knowledgeable of/aware of the current usage of alcohol/drugs in the adolescent population in this area or the inherent risks involved with consumption/use/misuse/abuse/addiction.

Aim: The overarching aim of the doctoral project was to prevent Utah County middle school students from harmful alcohol and drug consumption by involving parents in prevention efforts. The prevention goals of this project included: increased parental knowledge of the brain disease of addiction, warning signs of adolescent drug use, what to do if their child is already using, and increased parental self-efficacy on communicating with teens on this subject.

Design: For parents to be productively involved, barriers were broken down through education. The DNP student completed a 15-minute presentation at five separate parent meetings that took place annually during middle school registration at Lehi Jr High.

Population: The education was for parents, foster parents, guardians, etc. of first-year middle school students only; an estimated 420 participants were in attendance.

Data collection and analysis: A pre-and post- combined self-efficacy and knowledge test was given to the attendees. Data was gathered from 117 appropriately completed tests and analyzed using a paired t-test. The results were studied to evaluate effectiveness of the program relating to parental self-efficacy and knowledge.

Findings: The presentation ultimately increased parental self-efficacy and knowledge (p-value <0.01) which in turn increases protective factors and decreases risk factors associated with adolescent substance abuse.

Conclusions: The DNP project was successful, and the results assisted in the refinement of the presentation for sharing on a mass level to all Jr. High schools in Utah County, Utah.

酒精中毒在俄罗斯:混淆事实

01/25/2018

& lt; h2>信Editor< / h2>& lt; p>酒精滥用的问题在俄罗斯是众所周知的;但有一个倾向于夸大它,似乎是用来掩盖短缺的医疗保健和公共援助。通过这种方式,责任相对较低的预期寿命转移到病人,谁应该喝过。并行,有一种倾向夸大成功的反酗酒运动(1985 - 1989)所带来的损害,使平凡的活动如大众消费代理[1]。偏差的例子能够说明论文尤里Razvodovsky [2 - 5]。尤里每电子邮件问我写一个,宝贝,friendly&”,信编辑器指的是他的文章。摘录从这里给出的对应是书面证据(图1)。在回复,我引用的这句话:,“官方统计数据不支持声称amp的;白马王子Ð°nti-alcohol致命的运动导致了戏剧性的增长由酒精中毒non-beverage surrogates&”, [4] and commented that I witnessed mass poisonings with window cleaner in 1988. Considering the large scale of the window cleaner sales, it was knowingly tolerated by authorities. Poisonings with methanol and organochlorides (used e.g. in dry cleaning) were known to occur as well. Yuri replied that “there are two realities: one, which we both witnessed, and another-official statistics” (Figure 1). Obviously, Razvodovsky should have discussed in his articles the “realities we both witnessed”, i.e. common knowledge and observations, otherwise his papers are misleading.

酒精的影响税收和价格政策在俄罗斯伏特加的销售

12/29/2017

& lt; h2> Abstract< / h2>& lt; p> & lt; strong>背景:& lt; / strong>The majority of aggregate econometric studies indicate that higher taxes and real prices on alcohol significantly reduce the alcohol consumption.

Objectives: To estimate the effects of recent alcohol taxation and pricing policies on vodka sales per capita in Russia.

Methods: Trends in the affordability of vodka, excise tax rates on vodka, real and minimum price of vodka and per capita vodka sales between 2010 and 2015, were compared.

Results: A Pearson’s correlation analysis suggests a positive and statistically significant association between the affordability of vodka and per capita vodka sales. The association between vodka sales and excise tax rates on vodka, the real price of vodka and minimum price of vodka was negative.

Conclusions: These findings indicate that pricing policy has potential to reduce binge drinking of vodka in Russia.

沉迷于严加:病例报告

12/05/2017

& lt; h2> Abstract< / h2>

Introduction: DSM-5 mentions autoerotic asphyxia in the paraphilic disorders section, as a specifier for the diagnostic of sexual masochism disorder. Strangulation activities have also been observed in the “choking game”. The term “strangulation activity” is considered as more appropriate than “choking game”. While sharing a same behavior, autoerotic asphyxia and non auto-erotic strangulation activities might represent a very distinct pattern of disorders. We describe here a case report of a 25-year old male internship student who has practiced manual self-strangulation up to 40 times a day since adolescence. In the examination of this case we identify individual clinical aspects of this case in a process-based holistic case conceptualization.

Case description: The patient is a 25 years old male with a post-graduate degree who presented with a recent history of poor work performance and work-related stress during an internship. He has a concomitant history of both ketamine and cannabis use disorders, and reports urges to self-strangulate, sometimes specifically avoiding contact with friends engage in this behavior and that he has never attempted to discontinue self-strangulation. Neuropsychological assessment found a cognitive functioning below that expected given his educational level. Our intervention consists of a 3-weeks cognitive and motivational therapy program in addiction unit with associated abstinence.

Conclusion: Autoerotic asphyxia is a behavior observed not only in the context of sexual masochism disorder, but also as a specific addictive behavior, in the absence of sexual arousal, possibly as a result of emotional dysregulation.

预测问题的心理因素在大学生饮酒

01/30/2017

SUMMARY

The objective of this study is to determine prevalence of alcohol-substance use among university students, and to investigate the correlation between the childhood abuse, suicide probability and anger expression styles in students who have drinking problems. A survey was carried out among randomly selected students from the Faculty of Education in Baskent University in Turkey. Study sample consists of 399 university students. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Trait Anger and Anger Expressions Scales (T-Anger-Anger EX), and Suicide Probability Scale (SPS) were used. The CAGE questionnaire was applied to identify the problems of alcohol use. Probable presence of an alcohol use disorder is indicated by a score of 1+, whereas a score of 2+ was taken as the cut-off point for assessing presence of clinically significant alcohol use problems. Data were analyzed using with t test and multiple binary logistic regression. Of the whole sample 36.9% reported that they had ever tried drinking alcohol. The overall prevalence of alcohol use problems according to CAGE 1+ was 14.4% and CAGE 2+ was 7.3%. Sexual abuse and Anger-In were predictors of CAGE 1+, suicide probability was predictor of CAGE2+. Childhood trauma experiences especially, sexual abuse, suicide probability, trait anger, the anger expressed inside and outside were main factors to identify alcohol use problems. Professionals and parents must pay attention to childhood traumatic experiences, suicide and anger expression styles in youths with alcohol use problems.

小说对抑郁症的治疗的挑战:药理调制相互作用的胞内信号通路介导的Ca2 +和营地

01/30/2017

ABSTRACT

Depression is a psychiatric disease resulting mainly by dysfunction of serotoninergic and monoaminergic neurotransmission in central nervous system (CNS). Due to the multifaceted nature of depression and our limited understanding on its etiology, depression is difficult to be treated with currently available pharmaceuticals. Then, new therapeutic strategies for depression have been proposed. Since 1975, several clinical studies have reported that L-type Ca2+ channel blockers (CCBs), used in anti-hypertensive therapy, produce increase of plasma catecholamine levels and tachycardia, typical symptoms of sympathetic hyperactivity. Despite these adverse effects of CCBs have been initially attributed to adjust reflex of arterial pressure, during almost four decades these enigmatic phenomena remained unclear. In 2013, we discovered that this paradoxical sympathetic hyperactivity produced by CCBs results from the increase of catecholamines release from sympathetic nerves, and adrenal chromaffin cells, due to its modulatory action on the interaction between intracellular signaling pathways mediated by Ca2+ and cAMP (Ca2+/cAMP signalling interaction). Then, the pharmacological modulation of this interaction by combined use of L-type CCBs, and cAMP-enhancer compounds, could be a more efficient (and safer) therapeutic strategy to produce increase of serotoninergic and monoaminergic neurotransmission in the CNS due to enhance of serotonin and monoamines release, thus attenuating clinical symptoms of depression in humans.